Reaction Paper to Amish in America Essay Example

Response Paper to Amish in America Paper Scratch Stratton Professor Taylor soc 204 May 13, 2013 Response Paper to Amish in America In our general public today, we have a wide range of gatherings, religions, societies, and even sub-societies. Every single one of these gatherings has their own generally acknowledged lifestyle. Specifically, there is an exceptionally huge network of individuals who consider themselves the Amish. These individuals live in a general public where there are exceptionally severe principles, qualities, and convictions that they follow regularly. Most present day Americans would emphatically dismiss the way of life picked by the Amish, so it can appear to be astonishing to discover that this gathering is really developing. For what reason is this conceivable? I accept the Amish are developing since they are moving toward a phase in their existence where they should adjust their ways or neglect to flourish. The Amish have consistently been a people of the old nation; they were shown a method of getting things done while as yet following a severe good and strict code. We will compose a custom exposition test on Reaction Paper to Amish in America explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Reaction Paper to Amish in America explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Reaction Paper to Amish in America explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer As indicated by the video that we watched in class, when they were doing the narrative on the Amish individuals, they just needed to be recorded in profile so as to have those outside their way of life accept they are every one of the one homogenous gathering. Truth be told, their strict confidence is eventually the establishment for the purpose behind everything from what hello wear to what they drive. Since the time the day a youngster is naturally introduced to an Amish family, they start the way toward preparing the kid to comply with their arrangement of qualities and convictions that characterizes their lifestyle. This socialization procedure is vital to their method of building a solid feeling of association with the remainder of their locale. As the young progress from youth to adulthood, as per the video The America of the Amish, the teenagers are given a timeframe between the ages of 16 and 20 during which they are permitted to encounter numerous things outside the Amish culture and standards, unafraid of response. This timeframe is known as Rumspringa, essentially made an interpretation of from German to mean Jumping around. Be that as it may, not all Amish individuals were naturally introduced to the way of life. In the video, we saw a mother and two little girls Join an Amish people group in the wake of leaving California and moving to Intercourse, Pennsylvania. I accept they did this on the grounds that the Amish life has a less complex and progressively direct method of getting things done. This permits individuals in the network to live a substantially more tranquil life. Furthermore , living in an Amish cooperative includes a feeling of security, security, and by and large prosperity. As the Amish advance, they are encountering increasingly current procedures to ccomplish everyday errands. They still dont use power at the same time, not at all like when the older folks held willfully to the recommended way, presently Amish individuals have grasped certain advances in innovation so as to build productivity in their day by day life. People have likewise grasped various methods of gaining cash other than through horticultural methods on their own homestead site. One a valid example is Amish individuals running a remain at a nearby market utilizing power so as to make a pront unadulterated reality that the Amish are figuring out how to advance in todays society is the explanation I accept that the Amish people group in general is developing in the United States.

Customer Buying Behaviour free essay sample

This paper researches the connection between free factors which are shopping way of life of buyers, design inclusion of buyers, pre-choice stage and post-choice phase of purchaser buy conduct with the attitudinal and social parts of drive purchasing conduct. This examination endeavors to investigate the affiliation exists between the factors in question, by tapping the reactions of 165 respondents from higher pay bunch in the territory of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. The significant discoveries of the investigation showed a general feeble relationship of the arrangement of free factors with the reliant variable at the same time, the inside and out examination found that pre-choice phase of buyer buy conduct is the main variable that came about into solid relationship with the drive purchasing conduct. It’s genuine that youngsters all the more regularly get pulled in to items showed on store retires and has more noteworthy propensity of drive purchasing conduct yet consequences of this paper demonstrated no relationship of motivation purchasing in higher pay gathering of youngsters having common drive purchasing inclinations. This investigation detailed new confirmations in the field of drive purchasing conduct of customers relating to the nearby markets of the twin urban areas of Pakistan. Catchphrases: Shopping way of life, design inclusion, pre-choice stage, post-choice stage, Impulse purchasing conduct, Pakistan. 1. Presentation Stores are where purchasers purchase items whether it’s arranged or spontaneous buy. These stores sell hundreds and thousands of items day by day and buyers are expending these items at the expense of their pay. It just wards on the pay of the individual, that how much and ow ordinarily the person visits shopping stores to purchase items. It is generally observed that purchasers buy items which they have not arranged and this marvel of spontaneous buying is named as motivation An Empirical Study of Consumer Impulse Buying Behavior in Local Markets 523 purchasing. In past investigates, analysts and researchers have attempted to gauge motivation buying of various sorts of items in numerous shopping stores as it is accounted for by Bellenger et al. (1978); Du Pont (1965); Kollat and Willett (1967), Prasad (1975); Williams and Dardis (1972). In Pakistan there are four kinds of value records; Consumer Price Index (CPI), Wholesales Price Index (WPI), Sensitive Price Index (SPI) and GDP Deflator, which are utilized to compute swelling. Among these pointers, the significant accentuation is on CPI as a proportion of swelling, which covers 375 things in 71 markets of 35 urban areas of the nation (Economic Survey, 2006-07). The normal CPI esteem in the period (1990-00) was 9. 71 and it was 5. 8 in (2000-07). It is likewise observed that the expansion rate in most minimal pay bunch was 8. with the salary running from beneath 3,000 up to 5,000 Rupees when contrasted with the expansion pace of 7. 3 in the upper levels of pay having pay of in excess of 12,000 Rupees. Henceforth, we can say with certainty that the buying limits of family units lying in upper level of pay in Pakistan have expanded when contrasted with lower salary gatherings. Here it is basic to cite the rate portions of the salary bunches referenced previously. The 20% lower salary bunch in Pakistan holds 9. 65 percent of the all out salary share and the 20% of the most noteworthy pay bunch in Pakistan holds 41. 2% of the all out salary share where as rest goes to center pay bunch which is 48. 63% involving 60% of the complete salary gathering (Federal Bureau of Statistics, 2004-05). These figures are cited here to manufacture a system where we further expand this investigation. Presently, the figures introduced prior showed that there is an inclination of motivation purchasing in higher salary bunch in Pakistan as their pay level plainly demonstrates this pattern. In this examination in excess of 80 percent of the respondents (see annexure) were identified with the higher level of pay having pay more prominent than 12,000 Rupees every month. Expanded extra cash just as credit accessibility has brought about expanded drive purchasing propensity among customers in the retail condition as announced by Dittmar and Drury (2000). So as to tap this conduct of drive purchasing in the buyer, we have chosen zones of Rawalpindi and Islamabad to start our examination. We are meaning to examine that whether higher salary bunch having pay more noteworthy than 12,000 Rupees have arranged or spontaneous purchasing conduct. The fundamental inquiries we need to examine in this exploration study are as per the following: Q1: What is the degree of relationship between shopping way of life and drive purchasing conduct of buyers of higher salary bunch having discretionary cashflow, shopping in the region of Rawalpindi and Islamabad? Q2: What is the degree of relationship between style inclusion and motivation purchasing conduct of customers of higher salary bunch having extra cash, shopping in the region of Rawalpindi and Islamabad? Q3: What is the degree of relationship between pre-choice stage with respect to buying and motivation purchasing conduct of customers of higher salary bunch having extra cash, shopping in the region of Rawalpindi and Islamabad? Q4: What is the degree of relationship between post-choice stage with respect to buying and motivation purchasing conduct of buyers of higher pay bunch having discretionary cashflow, shopping in the zone of Rawalpindi and Islamabad? 2. Method of reasoning of the Study It is seen that shopping center proprietors attempted to abuse driving forces, which are related with the fundamental requirement for moment fulfillment. A purchaser in the shopping store may not explicitly be looking for the confectionary products like, desserts, chocolates, bubble gums, mints and bread rolls. Be that as it may, related confectionary things showed at unmistakable spots will absolutely pull in buyer’s consideration and trigger drive purchasing conduct in them. This wonder can without much of a stretch be comprehended with the assistance of two standards/powers as a piece of mental survey of writing, which deciphers driving forces as the results of these contending standards/powers. These standards are top notch in the papers of Freud (1956) and Mai,et al. (2002). These standards are expressed underneath: 524 Muhammad Ali Tirmizi, Kashif-ur-Rehman and M. Iqbal Saif a. In the first place, the delight guideline b. Second, the truth standard The delight guideline is identified with quick fulfillment felt by shopper though the truth rule is identified with postponed satisfaction. There is consistently a progressing rivalry between these two powers spoke to as standards inside the purchaser when they enter a shopping store with the goal to purchase. As an outcome drive related conduct beats them since motivations are generally hard to oppose and include planned pleasurable encounters, as of investigation of Rook (1987). In this paper we are keen on discovering relationship among factors (see Research model and sub models) with respect to spending of upper salary bunch individuals paying little mind to linkages of these factors to various drive purchasing behaviors identified with expanded gatherings of purchasers. This paper will surely increase the value of the current information base and all the while give us mental fortitude to enjoy further development examines in the field of the board sciences. This investigation is additionally helpful for retailers and makers who need to improve their comprehension with respect to buyer drive purchasing conduct. 3. Motivation behind the Study The reason for the exploration study is to test the relationship of the free factors that are; shopping way of life, design association, pre-choice stage, post-choice stage in regards to shopper buying with the needy variable that is; drive purchasing conduct of customers who shop in the territory of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. 4. Writing Review Promoting and shopper specialists over the time of forty years have attempted to get a handle on the idea of drive purchasing and characterized this wording in their own points of view, for which some examination discoveries are talked about here. In an examination directed by Cobb and Hoyer (1986), drive purchasing was characterized as a spontaneous buy and this definition can likewise be found in the exploration of Kollat and Willett (1967). In another exploration by Rook (1987) announced that drive purchasing for the most part happens, when a customer feels a powerful inspiration that transforms into a craving to buy a product immediately. Beatty and Ferrell (1998) characterized motivation purchasing as quick buy having no past point or goal to buy the item. Harsh (1962) found that items purchased without really thinking are generally modest. Shopping way of life is characterized as the conduct displayed by buyer with respect to the arrangement of individual reactions and conclusions about acquisition of the items as revealed by Cobb and Hoyer (1986). They find that shopping way of life and drive purchasing conduct are firmly related yet just on account of motivation purchasers. The examination additionally expresses that motivation buyers fell in the center as of the estimation instruments utilized by the analysts, demonstrated that buyers won't pick the primary brand they seen in the shopping center. In investigates led by Cha (2001); Han et al. , (1991); Ko (1993) it is accounted for that motivation purchasing conduct in regards to mold items are related with designs like virtuous, rehashed feelings just as style situated drive purchasing practices. These realities were likewise cited by Park et al. (2006). The meaning of design contribution essentially identifies with attire related with in vogue outfits. The discoveries of Han et al. (1991) cited in light of style association of buyers, that it may upgrade design arranged drive purchasing practices among the individuals who routinely wear style outfits. Fairhurst et al. (1989) and Seo et al. (2001) found an immediate relationship among style inclusion and clothes buy. Positive feelings are characterized as influences and states of mind, which decide force of buyer deci

Does the GEICO Gecko Need a Grammar Lesson

Does the GEICO Gecko Need a Grammar Lesson Today I heard a GEICO commercial that included a line something like this: To show our appreciation, call within the next 15 minutes This sentence contains a grammatical error!   Was it intentional? The thing is, these sorts of sentences are all-too-common in the writing I see every day.   GEICO might have intended this one, or the error may have been an oversight   but many of my clients make these errors frequently and unintentionally. You may be saying to yourself, WHAT grammatical error?   Looks okay to me! Let me explain. Take a look at the the first half of GEICOs sentence: To show OUR [Geicos] appreciation Ask yourself, who is the natural subject of this sentence?   What would naturally follow from the first half of the sentence?   If you think carefully, youll see that it would be something relating to whom? To GEICO of course!   GEICO is the natural subject of the sentence. A grammatically correct sentence might read, To show our appreciation, we are offering you a NEW CAR with FREE insurance for the vehicles lifetime! Now *that* would be a great sentence.   Yes, I like that sentence. Another alternative would be to write a different first half of the sentence that would naturally lead toward making the customer the subject of the sentence.   For instance: To show YOUR appreciation, call us within the next 15 minutes and tell us how adorable the gecko is! Id call to praise the gecko in an instant.   Hes pretty cute.   And he gives great car insurance.   If he looked at me just right with those beady little eyes, Id probably even forgive him for having his grammar a little mixed up. Do you think the GEICO gecko needs grammar help? Or do you think GEICOs ad people made this error intentionally?   Please take our 1-Question Survey and/or share your opinion below. And if you need writing help, please contact The Essay Expert for a FREE 15 minute consultation.   Well make sure you dont make it into someone elses grammar rants.

communication - 3807 Words

Understanding the importance of effective communication in management Use a model of the communication cycle to explain why it is relevant for effective communication in management. You are then required to provide relevant examples to explain the importance of selecting an appropriate tone and language and level of formality in management communications, and to devise suitable criteria to assess and make a judgment on the effectiveness of verbal and written communication methods within your area of the organization. Communication passes through different type of elements which is called â€Å"communication cycles† each element has to be taken into consideration carefully when it is required to make an effective communication or when†¦show more content†¦Type of the feedback varies from one to another depending on the message. Below are some relevant examples that are importance of selecting an appropriate tone and language and level of formality in management communication at my organization. Body Language As we know that there are verbal and non-verbal communication methods and one of the non-verbal communication methods that I use in my office is body language. It is important to use the correct body language because you have people from different countries and they share different cultures and traditions. Body language can be face expression, eye contacts, hand shaking, head and body movement and gestures as well there are more but these are some of it. When I communicate with other my body language varies depending upon whom I am taking with suppose I am in an important meeting with the senior management a difficult question is raised to me I cannot start biting my nail which will give them a feedback that I am not confidence of what I am doing or not prepared well. But some time when I meet with my vendors and they have not done what I asked for I change the expression of my face in a way that they feel I am not happy with their work. Also, sometime when I am in a meeting with other department staff and one person is very angry I try to smile and explain the things to him to calm him down. So, according to my knowledge and experience body language takes placeShow MoreRelatedUnderstanding Communication : Communication And Communication1345 Words   |  6 PagesHANDBOOK UNDERSTANDING COMMUNICATION TYPES OF COMMUNICATION METHODS OF COMMUNICATION INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION STYLES COMMUNICATION STYLES COMMUNICATION ROADBLOCKS HOW TO OVERCOME COMMUNICATION ROADBLOCKS THE DO’S AND DO NOT’S OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION HOW TO LISTEN EFFECTIVELY CONTENT PERTINENT TO SPORT STUDIES SYLLABUS SHELL PORTFOLIO EXIT EXAM STUDY GUIDES 3 AND 4 YEAR PLANS FOR MAJORS WRITTEN COMMUNICATION CHECKLIST ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS PURPOSE OF THE COMMUNICATION HANDBOOK TheRead MoreCommunication Is The Science Of Communication1066 Words   |  5 PagesCommunication is important to strive in life, as well as, in integrated marketing communication. Human communication is described as having the creativity to contribute instead of the information. Creativity can help by making more efficiently with less. In a way, an individual has a collection of discoveries at their disposal (Downs, 1298). Mass communication plays a role in design. Moreover, mass communication and its activities are influenced by cybernetics. Cybernetics is the science of communicationRead MoreCommunication As A Communication Tool1043 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction to the Topic The assigned reading for forum 5 discussed interpersonal and organizational communication channels in the workplace. The different types of communication are oral communication, formal written communication, non-verbal communication, and presentations. Satterlee (2013) shows the communication process to involve a sender, a receiver, meaning, encoding, the message transmittal, a channel, decoding, interpreting, and feedback. A successful leader will be able to communicateRead MoreCommunication And Human Communication1131 Words   |  5 PagesHumans, by nature, are social beings. Communication has been a part of people’s everyday lives long before conventional language, which are gestural and vocal, was even created. The first uniquely human forms of communication were pointing and pantomiming (Tomasello 2). These forms then have gradually evolved through the means of technology. Technology is known as the practical application of scientific knowledge in order to pro-duce goods and to provide services. This is one of the most powerfulRead MoreCommunication and Personality in Communication1434 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: COMMUNICATION AND PERSONALITY IN NEGOTIATION PAPER Communication and Personality in Negotiation Paper MGT/445 University of Phoenix Communication and Personality in Negotiation Paper Negotiation can take place anywhere and at anytime. Negotiations can take place at home, at work, with family members, with friends, and co-workers. â€Å"Negotiation is a process by which we attempt to influence others to help us achieve our needs while at the same time takingRead MoreReflection Of Communication And Communication1152 Words   |  5 Pages The first resources that I’ve learned from this course are using the multiple job websites online, we’ve had excellent communication between classmates on how we can benefit from using these sites out and look for specific jobs in our area. This will assist in work as a counselor because it will help in my networking about the city I currently work in and learning about how to make my resume stick out. The second fact that I’ve learned in this course is finding balance in your life so that youRead MoreCommunication Is The Language Of Communication1473 Words   |  6 Pagessaid, â€Å"The art of com munication is the language of leadership.† Communication is essential to business as well as interpersonal relationships. The ability to express oneself with coherence and cogency is of the utmost importance to your professional and personal success. Effective communication solves and also prevents problems. Think back to all those times you endured a conflict with a person or institution as a result of poor communication or a complete lack of communication. When people are notRead MoreInterpersonal Communication, Intercultural Communication And Communication1699 Words   |  7 PagesMy friend Vikas, told me everything he had to do and the struggles he conquered in order to make his own successful business here in the U.S. Some things he told be reminded me of interpersonal communication, intercultural communication, and intracultural communication. He had to have a lot of communication with his friend who also happened to be from India and some new friends and colleagues he met through his journey. Of course there was homesickness and the occasional depression, but that didn’tRead MoreCommunication Breakdown Of Communication1966 Words   |  8 Pages Communication Breakdowns â€Å"Effective communication is only 7 percent verbal and 93 percent non-verbal (the non-verbal is 55 percent body language and 38 percent tone of voice)† (Communication). There have been several compelling articles written by scholarly authors based on communication; a few examples of these literary works would be: â€Å"Mother Tongue,† â€Å"Sex, Lies, and Conversation,† and â€Å"The Ways We Lie.† When there are communication problems in any relationship, it will typically cause substantialRead MoreQuestions On Communication And Communication1815 Words   |  8 Pages1. Analysis 1.1 Communication Talking about communication involves talking about the identity of the person talking as a communicative being therefore about his right to communicate. In other words, for every subject speaking, the question is to know whether or not it makes sense for them to do so. If not, they would not exist as a subject. Sometimes norms, more or less institutionalized, help answering that question: for example, a lecturer presented as so in a conference finds himself entitled

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Its Adcances Essay

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Its Advances Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) affects 11-20% of veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars, 10% of Gulf War veterans and 30% of Vietnam War veterans. With many young men and women shipping off to join the military service, the thought of being one of the 20 out of 100 coming back from the Iraq or Afghanistan wars to suffer from PTSD is a scary thought. Little is known about PTSD and all major research being done on PTSD has been completed in only the last 30 years. This excludes many of the veterans of World War 1 and World War 2, the most gruesome war in the last century. The government is steadily increasing the benefits and services available to veterans suffering from PTSD symptoms†¦show more content†¦There are also new advancements in the policy surrounding the classification of PTSD and what is needed to receive benefits. A survey conducted around post-deployment veterans from Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) does a favorable job in identifying veterans with PTSD that have used VHA services for treatment or having been diagnosed with PTSD related symptoms post-deployment. The survey conducted by Brian Shiner, et al., was designed to â€Å"estimate the percentage of returning veterans with PTSD who are accessing VHA health care, based on the concept of coverage† (Shiner 814). Shiner and team based their denominator on veterans who had PTSD also having some other medical need that required them to utilize VA services prior to diagnosis while using a â€Å"diagnosis at an episode of care as the numerator† (Shiner 816). One crucial component of the Shiner study was that they excluded those who had future military service planned because those who were likely to receive treatment at a VA facility and be diagnosed with PTSD were those likely to be unfit for com bat or future military tours. According to the data compiled, Shiner and team estimated that â€Å"approximately 58% of veterans have used VA services to receive some PTSD-related treatment† (Shiner 819). The veterans, who are more likely to be treated for PTSD if they are over 25, live near a VA clinic, are diagnosed in a

Green Mountain Free Essays

Running head: Turnover Problem Green Mountain Resort (Dis)solves the Turnover Problem Introduction The beautiful Green Mountain Resort was a doomed business from the beginning. As the developer failed, the investment bank took it over to fix it up and resell it to at least get their money from it. However, they fell in love with it and made the decision to create a first class operation. We will write a custom essay sample on Green Mountain or any similar topic only for you Order Now The manager and part owner Gunter had a vision of the first class resort. The one thing that was halting this vision was the problem he faced with turnover. The resort was located in the poorest area of the state. That being said, it is hard to find and keep good help when there is little to choose from. When he did find some great help they quickly moved on for better opportunities, because he just did not have much more than entry level positions being a small business. So the problem he faces is what the turnover creates. Gunter cannot expect to provide outstanding service as he seems to be constantly in training mode. The great employees that he wants to have on staff end up leaving for more opportunity. Case Questions Change Images used by each Gunter’s change image was that of a coach. The image or reputation of Green Mountain became that of being an excellent place to obtain training to advance one’s career. Gunter mentors those that provide outstanding service and helps them to become even better. The hospitality literature’s change image was that of the navigator. It described the turnover as a chronic problem and that something needed to be done to stop the turnover or the resort would fail. The consultant’s change image was that of the interpreter. He helped Gunter to see the turnover issue as a possible positive instead of a negative. Now the resort attracts and helps develop further highly motivated people which is a win win for both Gunter and the recruits. Assumptions and prescriptions from each Each of the assumptions influenced the prescriptions for dealing with the turnover problem. Gunter started out as a nurturer and he looked at the turnover as a problem and tried several things to help stop it, but nothing he did worked. When he became the coach and started mentoring he viewed the problem differently and now he was known for jumpstarting careers. The hospitality literature was the navigator and saw the turnover as a problem that needed to be solved. Some ways to do that were to streamline training, simplify the job and don’t depend on any employees. There was a way to fix it and it was to make things easier. The consultant was the interpreter, a different view of the problem. How can the turnover be an asset, he helped Gunter to find the positive side of a problem. â€Å"if we only draw upon one particular frame† The conclusions we draw from the statement â€Å"if we only draw upon one particular frame, then this will take us away from thinking about what is going on from an alternative perspective† are if we only a view a problem from one angle, another could be there but our minds are closed to any new possibilities. If we view a problem from different angles, like Gunter did after the consultant brought it up, then there may be alternatives to a problem and that problem could become an asset. References Palmer, I, Dunford, R. , Akin, G. (2009). Managing Organizational Change: A Multiple Prospective Approach. New York, NY: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. /Irwin. How to cite Green Mountain, Essay examples

Dogs Of War-All Quiet On The Western free essay sample

Fron Essay, Research Paper -By Zachary Anderson ? ? In one portion of our being, a thousand old ages. By the carnal inherent aptitude that is awakened in is we are led and protected. It is non witting ; it is far quicker, much more certain, less fallible, than consciousness. One can non explicate it? ( 56 ) . On the battleground of any war, yesteryear or present one would believe any soldier had felt that sense of endurance at one point or another. This could be named impulse acted on by fright, jitteriness, or as the quotation mark defined it, instinct in force. The really descriptive force in the book is one of the big hints that tell us Erich Maria Remarque, the writer, is stating us some of the events he had to travel through when he served in the war. Other wise it would hold been another deadening war novel of which categories could be spared the clip. We will write a custom essay sample on Dogs Of War-All Quiet On The Western or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These points in the novel All Quiet on the Western Front, can be greatly explained and identified. When confronted with his endurance, this inherent aptitude can drive a adult male to make anything for endurance, even turn his senses and behaviour into a Wilder province of human development. One of the strongest subjects in the book is that war makes adult male inhuman when confronted by force and, or in war. From the writer? s point of position soldiers were frequently compared to assorted inanimate objects, that were cold. ? The soldiers are frequently compared to coins of different states that are melted down, and now they bear the same stamp. ? ( 236 ) Remarque thinks that the soldier? s mind-state has been changed from when they were schoolboys, the cast being the grade of the soldier, altering them everlastingly. Besides soldiers are compared with? zombis? or more normally referred to as automatons. In reminder of all soldiers of either side had to travel through and witness without the traumatizing force and Gore one would non hold much understood this point. To a state or at least in charge, the soldiers are no more than this: inanimate devices of war or pawns. Remarque uses this analogy to give the feeling that the soldiers are digesting the same feeling over and over once more, as if they were cold. In this chlorine assic war narrative Remarque besides describes the soldiers as cold wild animals in add-on to the inanimate objects. Paul states that when soldiers reach the zone where the forepart begins they are transformed into? instant homo animate beings? ( 56 ) Remarque explains the zone is like a charming line ; one time crossed the soldiers are non the same individual ( s ) as they were in a safe distance. Experiencing force on the forepart trapped in a crater of a shell, though protected by it, Paul Baumer feels such despair. ? My eyes burn with gazing into the dark. A star shell goes up ; -I duck down once more. I pay a wild and mindless battle. I want to acquire out of the hollow an yet slide back into it once more ; I say? you must, it is your companions, it is non an crackbrained bid? and once more? what dies it affair to me, I have merely one life to loose. ? ( 211 ) This could intend even so though moving as some animal for endurance he excessively has scrummed to the belief he is mer ely another pawn. As nil more than wild animals Remarque provinces that the German soldiers are merely supporting what they have, non trying to take what they don? T? We have become wild animals. We do non contend, we defend ourselves against obliteration? we feel a huffy choler. ? No longer do we lie incapacitated, waiting on the scaffold, we can destruct and kill to salvage ourselves, to salvage ourselves and to be revenged. ? ( 113 ) This could be explicating that any emotion they are contending out of at this point is from exasperation and for their ain endurance, and no other state of affairs other than that of war and force could convey this about. The sense of contending for the glorification of the FatherLand has long since gone. These points have highlighted when confronted with their endurance and the presence of endurance even if it means altering his human nature. A 2nd point is they can be as dolls, or coins that bare the same cast, about as war currency. Though all in all they were animals when confronted with force, or Canis familiariss without names, every bit long as they can last it all. All that is needed to do such points clear does non hold to be a series of accounts, instead simple and to the point imagination.

Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Reviewer free essay sample

The unconscious stores all experiences, memories, and repressed materials. Anxiety – feeling of dread that results from repressed feelings, memories, desires, and experience that emerge to the surface of awareness. (reality [from external world, proportionate to the threat; ego], neurotic [fear that instincts will get out of hand; id], moral [fear of one’s own conscience; superego]) Ego-defense Mechanisms – coping with anxiety and prevent the ego from being overwhelmed; either deny or distort reality; operate on an unconscious level (e. g. repression, denial, reaction formation, projection, displacement, rationalization, sublimation, regression, introjections, identification, compensation) Ultimate goal: to increase adaptive functioning Reduction of symptoms Resolution of conflicts Freudian: to make the unconscious conscious and to strengthen the ego Oriented toward achieving insight Classical psychoanalysis: anonymous stance (blank-screen approach) Transference relationship – cornerstone of psychoanalysis, transfer of feelings originally experienced in an early relationship to other important people Engage in very little self-disclosure and maintain a sense of neutrality To help clients acquire the freedom to love, work, and play Help in achieving self-awareness, honesty, and more effective personal relationships; dealing with anxiety in a realistic way; and in gaining control over impulsive and irrational behavior Must establish a working relationship and do a great deal of listening and interpreting. We will write a custom essay sample on Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy Reviewer or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 6 basic techniques: 1. Maintaining the analytic framework – whole range of procedural and stylistic factors (relative anonymity, neutrality and objectivity, etc. ) 2. Free association – clients are encouraged to say whatever comes to mind 3. Interpretation – analyst points out, explains and even teaches the client meanings of behavior manifested in dreams, free association, resistances, and the therapeutic relationship itself 4. Dream analysis –latent content, manifest content 5. Analysis of resistance – resistance is anything that works against the progress of therapy and prevents the client from producing previously unconscious material; any idea, attitude, feeling or action that fosters the status quo and gets in the way of change 6. Analysis of transference through the relationship with the therapist, clients express feelings, beliefs and desires they have buried in their unconscious; allows client to achieve a here-and-now insight Jungian Therapy We are not merely shaped by past events but that we are influenced by our future as well as our past. Part of the nature of humans is to be constantly developing, growing, and moving toward a balanced and complete level of development. Achieving individuation is an innate and primary goal. Midlife: we need to let go of many of the values and behaviors that guided the first half of our life and confront our unconscious. Individuation – the harmonious integration of the conscious and unconscious aspects of personality Unconscious – source of creativity Collective unconscious – deepest level of the psyche containing the accumulation of inherited experiences of human and prehuman species Archetypes – images of universal experiences contained in the collective unconscious Persona – mask Anima – femininity Animus – masculinity Shadow – dark side 2 functions of dreams: prospective and compensatory Increase client’s consciousness in order to move toward psychological balance and wholeness Bring relief and meaning to psychological suffering To examine the motivations in our thoughts and actions that lie beneath conscious awareness so as to achieve deeper and more long-lasting changes in the personality. Therapist and client are seen as more or less equals Dream analysis Creative expressions Adlerian Therapy Unity of personality, the need to view people from their subjective perspective, importance of life goals People are motivated by social interest and by finding goals to give life meaning. Humans are motivated primarily by social relatedness. Behavior is purposeful and goal-directed Consciousness rather than unconsciousness is the focus of therapy. Stressed choice and responsibility, meaning in life, and the striving for success, completion and perfection. Inferiority feelings – wellspring of creativity; motivate us to strive for mastery, success (superiority) and completion Life goal – unifies the personality and becomes the source of human motivation We have the capacity to interpret, influence and create events Subjective perception of reality – viewing the world from the client’s subjective frame of reference (phenomenological orientation) Individual psychology – unity and indivisibility of the person; stresses understanding the whole person in the context of his or her life: how all dimensions of a person are interconnected components Holistic concept – we cannot be understood in parts Fictional finalism – an imagined life goal that guides a person’s behavior; replaced with ‘guiding self-ideal’ and ‘goal of perfection’ Striving for significance and superiority – recognition of inferiority feelings and the consequent striving for perfection or mastery are innate Lifestyle – connecting themes and rules of interaction that give meaning to our actions; perceptions regarding self, others, and the world; includes the individuals characteristic way of thinking, feeling, acting, living and striving toward long-term goals Social interest – central indicator of mental health; being as concerned about others as one is about self; includes capacity to cooperate and contribute; identification and empathy with others Community feeling – social connectedness; feeling of being connected to all of humanity (past, present and future) and to being involved in making the world a better place 3 universal life tasks: so cial task (friendship), love-marriage task (intimacy), occupational task (society) Birth order and sibling relationship – 5 psychological positions or vantage points from which children to view life: oldest, second of only 2, middle, youngest, and only Increase the client’s social interest Decrease a sense of inferiority Change the lifestyle Change faulty motivation Tend to look for major mistakes in thinking and valuing Assume a non-pathological perspective; do not label clients with pathological diagnoses Assist clients in better understanding, challenging, and changing their life story. Make a comprehensive assessment of the client’s functioning thru family constellations, life tasks and early recollection The therapeutic process: 1. Forming a relationship based on mutual respect 2. Holistic psychological evaluation or lifestyle assessment 3. Disclosing mistaken goals and faulty assumptions 4. Reeducation or reorientation Phases of Adlerian Counseling: 1. Establish the proper therapeutic relationship 2. Explore the individual’s psychological dynamics (lifestyle investigation) subjective interview objective interview family constellation early recollections: stories of events that a person says occurred before he or she was 10 years of age; used as a projective technique 3. Encourage self-understanding and insight (developing self-understanding): insight: understanding of the motivations that operate in the client’s life possible only when hidden purposes and goals of behavior are made conscious disclosure and well-timed interpretations interpretation: deals with client’s underlying motives for behaving the way they do in the here and now 4. Reorientation and Reeducation Putting insights into practice Reorientation: involves shifting rules of interaction, process and motivation facilitated thru change in awareness Encouragement – most distinctive Adlerian procedure; entails showing faith in people, expecting them to assume responsibility for their lives, and valuing them for who they are Existential Therapy Essentially an experiential approach to counseling rather than a firm theoretical model Stresses core human conditions Interest is on the present and on what one is becoming The approach has a future orientation and stresses self-awareness before action Focuses on exploring themes such as mortality, meaning, freedom, responsibility, anxiety and aloneness Basic existential premise: we are not victims of circumstance because we are what we choose to be Existential traditions: seeks a balance between recognizing the limits and tragic dimensions of human existence on one hand and the possibilities of human life on the other Basic dimensions of human condition: 1. The capacity for self-awareness: freedom, choice and responsibility make up the foundation 2. Freedom and responsibility: freedom to become, capacity to reflect on the meaning of our choices, capacity to act on choices free to choose among alternatives freedom means we are responsible for our lives, for our actions and our failures to take action authenticity: we are living by being true to our own evalution of what is a valuable existence for ourselves inauthenticity: not accepting personal responsibility existential guilt: being aware of having evaded a commitment or having chosen not to choose 3. Striving for Identity and Relationship to others: People are concerned about preserving their uniqueness and centeredness but we also strive for connectedness: the courage to be (awareness of our finite nature); experience of aloneness (we cannot depend on anyone else for our own confirmation; that is, we alone must give a sense of meaning to life, and we alone must decide how we will live); we have to be able to stand alone before we can truly stand beside another. The experience of relatedness: when we are able to stand alone and tap into our own strength, our relationships with others are based on our fulfillment, not our deprivation. Struggling with our identity: doing mode to avoid the experience of being 4. The Search for Meaning Struggle for a sense of significance and purpose in life Task of the therapeutic process: to help clients create a value system based on a way of living that is consistent with their way of being Meaninglessness: major existential neurosis of modern life; can lead to emptiness and hollowness or ‘existential vacuum’ 5. Anxiety as a condition of living Existential anxiety: unavoidable result of being confronted with the givens of existence (death, freedom, choice, isolation and meaninglessness) 6. Awareness of Death and Nonbeing Awareness of death as a basic human condition gives significance to living Serves as a motivation for us to take advantage of appreciating the present moment Positive force that drives us to live as fully as possible Death and life are interdependent, and though physical death destroys us, the idea of death saves us. To assist clients in their exploration of the existential ‘givens of life’ Assist clients in moving toward authenticity and to recognize when they are deceiving themselves Help people to reclaim and reown their lives 4 essential aims: to help clients become more present to both themselves and others; to assist clients in identifying ways they block themselves from fuller presence; to challenge clients to assume responsibility for designing their present lives; to encourage clients to choose more expanded ways of being in their daily lives Central goal: increased awareness Understanding the subjective world of clients to help them come to new understandings and options. Assist the clients in seeing the ways in which they constrict their awareness and cost of such constrictions. Encourage experimentation Phases of counseling: Initial phase: definition of the client’s view of the world, perception of existence, examination of values, beliefs and assumptions Middle phase: self-exploration Final phase: learnings are put into action Person-Centered Therapy The client has the potential to become aware of problems and the means to resolve problems. Faith is placed in the client’s capacity for self-direction. Mental health is a congruence of ideal self and real self. Maladjustment is the result of a discrepancy between what one wants to be and what one is. In therapy, attention is given to the present moment and on experiencing and expressing feelings. People are essentially trustworthy. They have a vast potential for understanding themselves and resolving their own problems without direct intervention of the therapist’s part. Basic sense of trust in the client’s ability to move forward in a constructive manner if conditions fostering growth are present. People are trustworthy, resourceful, capable of self-understanding and self-direction, able to make constructive changes, and able to live effective and productive lives. Therapist attributes: Congruence (genuineness or realness) Unconditional positive regard Accurate empathic understanding Actualizing tendency: directional process of striving toward realization, fulfillment, autonomy and self-determination Mental health: congruence of ideal self and real self Maladjustment: result of discrepancy between what wants to be and what one is Achieving a greater degree of independence and integration. Assist clients in their growth process so clients can better cope with clients as they identify them. Provide a climate conducive to helping the individual strive toward self-actualization. To increasingly actualize: Openness to experience Trust in themselves Internal source of evaluation Willingness to continue growing Rooted in their ways of being and attitudes, not in techniques. Therapists use themselves as an instrument of change. To be present and accessible to clients and to focus on their immediate experience. Be congruent, accepting, and empathic to be a catalyst for change. Gestalt Therapy The person strives for wholeness and integration of thinking, feeling and behaving. Nondeterministic view. Person is viewed as having the capacity to recognize how earlier influences are related to present difficulties. Experiential approach: grounded on the here-and-now, emphasizes awareness, personal choice and responsibility Holism – gestalt means whole or completion or a form that cannot be separated into parts without losing its essence Field theory – organism must be seen in its environment or in its context Figure formation – how the individual organizes experience from moment to moment; foreground and background Organismic self-regulation – process by which equilibrium is disturbed by the emergence of a need, sensation, or interest and how the individual strives to maintain balance Paradoxical theory of change: authentic change occurs more from being who we are than from trying to be who we are not Phenomenological inquiry – paying attention to what is occurring now Unfinished business – when figures emerge from the background but are not completed and resolved, manifested in unexpressed feelings Contact – made by seeing, hearing, smelling, touching and moving; interacting with nature and with other people without losing one’s sense of individuality Resistances to contact – coping processes but often end up preventing us from experiencing the present in a full and real way Introjection Projection Retroflection – turning back onto ourselves what we would like to do to someone else or doing to ourselves what we would like someone else to do or for us Deflection: distracting or veering offs Confluence: blurring the differentiation between the self and the environment Assisting the client to attain greater awareness, and with it, greater choice. Awareness: knowing the environment, knowing oneself, accepting oneself, and being able to make contact Move toward awareness of themselves (client) Gradually assume ownership of experiences Develop skills and acquire values that will allow them to satisfy their needs without violating the rights of others Attitudes and behavior of the therapist count more than the techniques Therapist does not interpret for the clients but assists them in developing the means to make their own interpretations Experiments Internal dialogue – empty-chair technique Behavior therapy Focus is on directly observable behavior Present behavior is given attention Therapy is based on the principles of learning theory Normal behavior: reinforcement and imitation Abnormal behavior: faulty learning Person is the producer and product of the environment Current trend is on developing procedures that give control to clients and thus increase their range of freedom Goal is to overcome debilitating behaviors that restrict choices 7 Key Characteristics 1. Founded on scientific method and empirically derived principles 2. Behavior is not limited to overt actions 3. Deals with client’s current problems and the factors influencing them; functional assessment/behavioral analysis (looking at current environmental events that maintain problem behaviors) 4. Clients are expected to have an active role by engaging in specific actions to solve their problems. 5. Change can take place without insight into underlying dynamics and without understanding the origins of a psychological problem. 6. Assessment is an ongoing process of observation and self-monitoring. 7. Behavioral treatment interventions are individually tailored to specific problems experienced by the client. To eliminate maladaptive behaviors and learn more effective behaviors To identify factors that influence behavior and find out what can be done about problematic behavior To encourage clients to take an active and collaborative role in clearly setting treatment goals and evaluating how well these goals are being met Conduct a thorough functional assessment to identify maintaining conditions by systemically gathering information about situational antecedents (A), dimensions of the problem behavior (B) and the consequences of the problem (C) Therapist is active and directive and functions as a teacher or mentor Progressive Muscle Relaxation Systematic Desensitization Relaxation training Development of graduated anxiety hierarchy Systematic desensitization proper Exposure therapies In Vivo Exposure: client exposure to actual anxiety-evoking events rather than simply imagining these situations Flooding: exposure to anxiety-evoking stimuli for a prolonged period of time (in vivo flooding, imaginal flooding) Cognitive Behavior Therapy Cognitions are the major determinants of behavior. Psychoeducational model: therapy is a learning process Human beings are born with potential for both rational and irrational thinking. REBT: we learn irrational beliefs from significant others during childhood WE actively reinforce our self-defeating beliefs through auto-suggestion and repetition Blame: at the core of most emotional disturbances A-B-C framework: (A) Activating event - (B) Belief - (C) emotional Consequence - (D) Disputing intervention - (E) Effect - (F) new Feeling Cognitive restructuring: replacing irrational beliefs with rational beliefs Major goal of REBT: to encourage clients to be less emotionally reactive To teach clients how to separate evaluation of their behaviors from the evaluation of themselves To teach clients how to accept themselves in spite of their imperfections To teach clients to analyze and to correct their distortions of reality To teach clients to distinguish their irrational and rational beliefs To reduce or eliminate undesirable emotions 2 main goals: Achieve unconditional self-acceptance Achieve unconditional other acceptance Directive function Confronting the client Persuades and debates in attacking client’s self-defeating patterns ABC-DEF Theory of Behavior Disputing Cognitive: persuasion and direct questioning Imaginal: rational emotive imagery Behavioral: behaving in diff erent ways process: Detecting Debating Discriminating Cognitive restructuring Countering (should be direct opposite of irrational belief, believable, concise, assertive and emotional intensity, owned by clients) Rational self-analysis: repeated investigation and disputation of irrational beliefs Other cognitive techniques and methods: Bibliotherapy: self-help books Changing language Psychoeducation Using humor Role playing Shame-attacking exercise Emotionl control cards (inappropriate or appropriate feelings) Major behavioral techniques: Heightening awareness (numerical ratings and self-recording) Action homework Case Conceptualization and Treatment Planning Step 1: Assess patient concerns and difficulties Problem lists ABC’s of functional assessment: Antecedents, Behaviors, short-term and long-term consequences Clinical hypotheses and treatment plan Identifying possible treatment obstacles Goal-setting Goals should be SMART Broad goals - prioritize - break into smaller steps - operationalize (define, steps to be taken) Reality Therapy We need quality relationships to be happy. Choice theory is the theoretical basis Unhappiness results from the way we choose to behave Psychological problems are the result of our resisting the control by others or of our attempt to control others. We are born with 5 genetically encoded needs: Survival Love and belongingness needs Power Freedom Fun Quality world – file of wants, our personal Shangri-la Picture album of specific wants as well as precise ways to satisfy these wants Total behavior (thinking, feeling, acting, and physiology) – best attempt to get what we want and to satisfy our needs The emphasis is what clients can control in their relationships: the only person you can control is yourself To help clients get connected or reconnected with the people they have chosen to put in their quality world To help clients learn better ways of fulfilling all of their needs Assist clients in making more effective and responsible choices related to their wants and needs To serve as mentors or teachers Teach clients how to engage in self-evaluation by raising the question, â€Å"is what you are choosing to do getting you what you want and need? † To challenge clients to examine what they are doing Assist clients in evaluating their own behavioral direction, specific actions, wants, perceptions, level of commitment, possibilities for new directions, and action plans Con vey the idea that no matter how bad things are, there is hope Cycle of counseling: creating the counseling environment and implementing specific procedures that lead to changes in behavior The WDEP system: Wants (exploring wants, needs, and perceptions) Directing and doing (learning better ways to get what they want) Self-evaluation (cornerstone of reality therapy, involves the client examining behavioral direction, specific actions, wants, perceptions, new directions, and plans) Planning and action Feminist Theory Constructs include being gender-fair, flexible, interactionist and life-span-oriented Gender and power are at the heart of feminist therapy Systems approach that recognizes that social, cultural, and political factors that contribute to an individual’s problem The personal is political Therapists have a commitment to social change Women’s voices and ways of knowing are valued and women’s experiences are honored The counseling relationship is egalitarian Therapy focuses on strength and a reformulated definition of psychological distress All types of oppression are recognized To bring about transformation both in the individual client and in society To assist clients in recognizing, claiming, and using their personal power to free themselves from the limitations of gender-role socialization To confront all forms of institutional policies that discriminate or oppress on any basis Therapeutic relationship is based on empowerment and egalitarianism Actively breaks down the hierarchy of power and reduce artificial barriers by engaging in appropriate self-disclosure and teaching clients about the therapy process Strive to create a collaborative relationship Empowerment Self-disclosure Gender-role analysis Gender-role intervention Power analysis Bibliotherapy Assertiveness training Reframing and relabeling Social action Postmodern approaches: Solution-focused brief therapy Future-focused, goal-oriented therapeutic approach to brief therapy Emphasizes strengths and resiliencies of people by focusing on exceptions to their problems Unique focus: what is possible Behavior change is viewed as the most effective approach to assisting people in enhancing their lives No necessary relationship between the causes of the problems and their solutions Positive orientation: people are healthy and competent and have the ability to construct solutions that can enhance their lives Changing the viewing of a situation or a frame of reference Changing the doing of the problematic situation Tapping the client’s strengths and resources Client-as-expert To point the clients in the direction of change without dictating what to change Strive to create a climate of mutual respect, dialogue, and affirmation in which clients experience the freedom to create, explore, and coauthor their evolving stories Helping clients imagine how they would like life to be different and what it would take to make this transformation Ask questions 4 steps that characterize SFBT: Find out what clients want rather than what they do not want Do not look for pathology If what clients are doing is not working, encourage them to experiment with doing something different Keep therapy brief by approaching each session as if it were the last and only session Steps involved in solution building: Problem Goals Exceptions Feedback, encouragement, suggestion Evaluate progress Pretherapy change: what clients have already done to elicit positive change; â€Å"What have you done since you called for the appointment that has made a difference in your problem? † Exception questions: when the problem did not exist or was not as intense The miracle question: â€Å"If a miracle happened and your problem was solved overnight, how would you know it was solved, and what would be different? †; hypothetical solutions, rests on the assumption that changing the doing and viewing of the perceived problem changes the problem; opens up a range of future possibilities Scaling questions: enables clients to play closer attention to what they are doing now and how they can take steps to achieve desired goals Formula first session task – elicits hope that change is inevitable Therapist feedback to client: compliments, bridge, suggesting a task (homework) Terminating: ultimate goal of therapy Postmodern approaches: Narrative Therapy Individuals construct the meaning of life in interpretive stories, which are then treated as ‘truth’. Focus: listening respectfully to client’s stories; search for a time in client’s lives when they were resourceful; to use questions as a way to engage clients and facilitate their exploration; to avoid diagnosing and labeling clients or accept a totalizing description based on a problem; to assist clients in separating themselves from the dominant stories they have internalized Role of stories: shape reality in that they construct and constitute what we say, feel, and do; the stories we live by grow out of conversations in a social and cultural context Listening with an open mind – normalizing judgment: any kind of judgment that locates a person on a normal curve and is used to assess intelligence, mental health, or normal behavior; avoid totalizing language (labels) To invite people to describe their experience in a fresh and new language This new language enables clients to develop new meanings for problematic thoughts, feelings, and behaviors Active facilitato rs Help clients construct a preferred storyline Understanding the client’s lived experiences and de-emphasize efforts to predict, interpret and pathologize Renaming the problem Externalizing the problem (separates the person from identification with the problem); externalizing conversation Searching for hopeful exceptions to the problem (unique outcomes) – moments of choice or success regarding the problem Alternative stories and reauthoring – constructing new stories, possibility questions Family Systems Therapy The family is viewed from an interactive and systemic perspective. Clients are connected to a living system; change in one part of the system will result in change in other parts The family provides the context for understanding how individuals function in relationship to others and how they behave Treatment deals with family unit An individual’s dysfunctional behavior grows out of the interactional unit of the family and out of larger systems as well Focus is on communication patterns within a family, both verbal and nonverbal. Problems in relationship are passed on from generation to generation. Symptoms are often viewed as an expression of a set of habits and patterns within a family Multigenerational family therapy: A predictable pattern of interpersonal relationships connects the functioning of family members across generations Emotional problems will be transmitted from one generation to another if not resolved or dealt with effectively Triangulation: triads that result in a two-against one experience Differentiation: psychological separation of intellect and emotion and independence of the self from others Human Validation Process Emphasis on family communication Strong, nurturing relationship Four communications stance: blaming, placating, super reasonable, irrelevance Antidote: congruence Experiential family therapy Choice, self-determination, growth, and actualization Goal was not to eliminate anxiety in the family but to maintain or enhance it so that it would serve as motivation for change Structural-strategic family therapy An individual’s symptoms are best understood from the vantage point of interactional patterns, or sequences, within a family Structural changes must occur in a family before an individual’s symptoms can be reduced or eliminated Goals are two-fold: reduce symptoms and dysfunction; bring about structural change within the system To help family members gain awareness of patterns of relationships that are not working well To create new ways of interacting Teacher, coach, model and consultant Genograms Teaching Asking questions Joining the family Tracking sequences Issuing directives Use of countertransfernce Family mapping Reframing Restructuring Enactments Setting boundaries

What is meant by the word abortion Essays

What is meant by the word abortion Essays What is meant by the word abortion Essay What is meant by the word abortion Essay The definition from the dictionary on abortion is removal of a baby from the womb before it has developed enough to survive.My definition of Abortion is the premature removal from the womb of a foetus at some stage in pregnancy. Most abortions take place when the baby is unwanted. When the foetus or embryo is removed they are destroyed. This can only legally be done before the mother reaches 28 weeks of the pregnancy.Your choice to have an abortion or carry on a pregnancy isnt a straightforward or easy choice. It is important to take the time you want to make the decision that is best for you. There are counsellors at abortion clinics that can help as you as you make your choice.There are lots of opinions regarding whether abortion should be legal or not. A number of people believe that having an abortion is murder because you are killing a life inside of you. Other people think that as the foetus isnt completely developed and still in the mothers womb, that i t isnt born yet therefore it isnt murder.Abortion is acceptable in a few circumstances:Christian teachingsChristians believe that abortion is wrong. Many have divided views about it but a lot think that it breaks the sixth commandment- murder. Other Christians also believe that it should be left up to the mother and that the decision shouldnt be forced.Some people think that the Bible doesnt teach any think about Abortion because there are no actual direct statements saying that abortion is a sin and should not happen.The bible teaches that life is a gift from god. The Bible says I chose you before I gave you life, and before you were born I selected you to be prophet to the nation This means that you were created even before you were in the mothers womb. This is a very powerful teaching and could have great impact on the mother making her decision. This could be because if god chooses who is born, then how and why, should someone else be able to take that life.Another saying in the bible is Surely you know that you are Gods temple and the Gods Spirit lives in you, so if anyone destroys Gods temple, God will destroy him. For Gods temple is holy, and you yourselves are his temple. This means that god is part of you and to have an abortion, then you would be betraying him. This quote shows us that if you were to destroy a child then you would be destroying a piece of God and this is totally against what the bible teaches.Some Christians are against abortion for social reasons or as a means of birth control such as in China where it is used to control the population because woman are restricted to only having one child.How Christians might put their beliefs into action.Christians may put there beliefs into action by trying to teach younger people more about abortion and contraception etc. This may help younger Christians to understand abortion more and make them understand the consequences of pregnancy.They may use none violent protests or sit-in protests to get there message across. They could go to different communites, churches, schools etc. to teach younger people about abortion and get there message across. Christians can teach other options that woman can take in stead of having an abortion such as foster care or adoption.There is one charity called SPUC (Society for the Protection of the unborn child) which was started to protect unborn children. Many Christians fund these charities in order to gain media attention to their solid belief in the sanctity of life.More charities could be set up to perhaps assist young Christian people who want advice, support or help about abortion. It could also help women that are pregnant and need support or advice.Abortion is never justifiedI believe that abortion can be justified but I do also believe that in some situation abortion isnt justified.I believe abortion is justified:- If a woman became pregnant from rape- If the child was going to be permanently ill or handicapped. I think this because the child if the child couldnt be cured, then I dont think that life would be very good and not worth living if they will be in pain and unhappy. It would be a struggle for the family and I think that it is better not to have parents or a child suffer form it.- If the mothers life or health is a risk by having the baby. In this situation I think that abortion is mort justified. For example a mothers life could be at risk if it were a multiple birth therefore should be aloud an abortion. Although if there is a good chance in the mother and babies surviving then I think abortion shouldnt take place.- If it is a teenage pregnancy. I teenager is not fully mature and likely wouldnt be able to physically and emotionally with a child. Also they have their rest of there lives ahead of them and it would be ruined by a baby therefore I feel abortion is justified here.I dont believe that abortion is justified:- If a woman is happily in a relationship but they just dont want a baby. I think tha t this is selfish because the baby could be brought up happily.- If the father is willing to bring up the child. I think that fathers should have more rights and I feel that if the mother can have the baby without her health being affected then the father should be aloud to bring it up.

Molecular biology cloning and Brachyury gene Essay

Molecular biology cloning and Brachyury gene - Essay Example Such recombinant vectors imitate effectively in specific strains of bacterial host cells, leading to the production of several copies of the recombinant DNA molecule, which was put into the vector (Eisen, et al, 2002, p 5483; Sambrook, Fritsch & Maniatis, 1989, p 891). 2. Brachyury gene: definition and the relation between the genes with cancer Brachyury refers to a protein which is encoded by the T gene in humans. It is a transcription factor that is within the T-box complex of genes, which has been identified in all bilateral animals. Brachyury also helps in defining the mesoderm in the process of gastrulation (National cancer institute, nd, para 5). The T gene is first expressed at the ending stage of blastula, at the mesoderm region and then later in the process of gastrulation. Expression of the Brachyury gene is contained to the tail bud and the notochord region. Brachyury is expressed within the endothermal epithelial cells of the hypostome in the diploblastic Hydra that makes up the apical portion of the polyp cranium. Therefore, the T gene plays an essential role in forming the axis of the initial body. The T gene is critical in the molding tripoblasts’ and diploblasts’ layers of germ, as well as, in the formation of the apical pole (Rolf, 2013, para 1). Genetic evaluations of individuals with hereditary form of bone cancer reveal that acquiring an additional T gene might cause the uncommon bone cancer. A study of seven families diagnosed with chordoma involving two or more blood relatives was conducted by the NCI researchers. Linkage analysis approach was utilized to explore whether certain genetic markers with established points in humans are present at birth along with chordoma. The initial analysis set out six genome areas that necessitated an extra examination. A comprehensive hereditary examination revealed that chromosome 6 section was more apt to be related with hereditary bone cancer. Brachyury gene that is contained in chromosom e 6 is exceptionally significant in the growth of notochord. Results from earlier examinations show that the T genes is found in almost all bone cancer cases, but not in the wide ranging assortment of ordinary body tissues or other malignant cells kinds. As such, the observation made the Brachyury gene an excellent candidate for involvement in the uncommon bone cancer (Rolf, 2013, para 2) 3. What is plasmid pNEB193? Plasmid pNEB193 is an enigmatic and a fresh plasmid. It was first found in NBRC14147 in S.albulus. Its functions are not known, though the cryptic plasmid pNEB193 replicon was utilized in duplication of vector construction (Sambrook, Fritsch & Maniatis, 1989, p 894). 4. Cloning technique What is the aim from using the polymerase chain reaction PCR in the cloning technique? Polymerase chain reaction is the primer-meditated enzymatic amplification of distinctively replicated or genomic DNA sequences. The template DNA includes a target sequence that can be very long in term s of nucleotides length. The main aim of using PCR is to clone genes directly without constructing DNA libraries. PCR makes gene cloning rapid by starting with a whole genome, PCR permits the DNA from a chosen region to be increased several billion fold, successfully sanitizing this DNA away from the remainder of the genome (Taylor & Francis group, 2010, p 544). PCR is mostly employed in molecular biology and

Financial Managment worksheet 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financial Managment worksheet 3 - Essay Example The investors who invest their money in the firm for hope to get a return on their investment are called stockholders or shareholders. In other words, evaluation of a proposed project should be based on the project's cost of capital (Vernimmen, 2005). This is because when a company raises capital, there is usually no direct links between the return to the supplier of the company's capital and the return on individual project. The corporation then uses the weighted average of these capitals for mixing in the firm's overall equity to analyze the capital budgeting decisions. It takes into consideration the weighted average of all the capital and is thus referred as weighted average cost of capital (WACC). The firm's mixture of debt and equity is called its capital expenditure. Although actual level of debt and equity may vary somewhat over time, most firms try to keep their financing mix close to a target capital structure. As we know that the WACC is a weighted average of relatively low-cost debt and high cost equity, so precisely we can say that capital structure change will affect the WACC to increase or decrease with respect to the change that occurs in the capital structure. The firm's mixture of debt and equity is called its capital structure. ... ecisely we can say that capital structure change will affect the WACC to increase or decrease with respect to the change that occurs in the capital structure. OPTIMAL CAPITAL STRUCTURE: The firm's mixture of debt and equity is called its capital structure. The fundamental source of a company's value is the stream of net cash flows generated by it assets. This stream is usually referred to as the company's net operating cash flow or earning before interest and taxes (EBIT). The capital structure adopted by a company divides the stream between different classes of investors. If a company is financed entirely by equity and there is no company tax, this entire stream is available to provide income to shareholders. If a company also borrows funds, the lenders have the first claim on the net operating cash flow and shareholders are entitled to the riskier, residual cash flow that remains after the lenders have been paid (Vernimmen, 2005). Manager should choose the capital structure that maximizes shareholder's wealth. The basic approach is to consider a trial capital structure based on the market values of the debt and equity, and then estimate the wealth of the sharehold ers under this capital structure. This approach is repeated until an optimal capital structure is identified. We have to take 5 steps into consideration to determine an "optimal capital structure", the steps are; 1. Estimate the interest rate the firm will pay 2. Estimate the cost of equity 3. Estimate the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) 4. Estimate the free cash flow and their present value, which is the value of the firm 5. Deduct the value of the debt to find the shareholders' wealth which we want to maximize An investor in a company with a low debt-equity ratio is likely to attach a low

Miscarriages of justice helped to change investigating

Miscarriages of justice helped to change investigating Investigative interviewing is of paramount importance in every legal system in the world. The development of Investigative interviewing has led to the hope that positive reaction would be received from witnesses and reliability of evidence would be achieved. However, various cases of miscarriages of justice has occurred causing lack of confidence in the criminal justice system. The purpose of this study is to learn more about how cases of miscarriages of justice have helped to change investigative interviewing practices for the better. It is hoped that information from this study may be useful in identifying the improvements in investigative interviewing as a result of cases of miscarriages of justice. One area of policing that involves considerable face-to-face interaction with members of the public and where expectations of both police and public are likely to be influential and where relations of trust and confidence are vital is when police officers interview witnesses of crime (Roberts, 2010). In the past, police officers lacked confidence in themselves and their abilities, and they constantly assumed that every suspect was guilty therefore failing to extract accurate and reliable evidence, had poor interviewing skills and where unprofessional in the approach in which they carried out their interviews.  In any police inquiry, police officers may be interested in only a proportion of the information that a witness can provide (Robert, 2010).They resorted to violence and verballing during interviews and this resulted in false confessions from suspects. In the past, investigators in both the public sector and the police saw interviews as a means of gaining a confession, rather than gathering accurate information and a full account (Shawyer and Walsh, 2007). Confessions could vary from voluntary confession where there is no existence of external factors, coerced compliant confession such as aggressive questioning and coerced internalized confession where the interviewee beliefs he committed the crime due to pressure and stress put on them during the interviewing process. Vulnerable suspects such as children and people with physical or mental challenges are prone to coerced internalized confession thereby resulting to miscarriages of justice. Miscarriage of justice arose as a result of police malpractice and incompetence, inadequate prosecution processes, problematic trial practices and failure of authorities to protect citizens from known dangers (Adler and Gray, 2010). Fishers inquiry 1977 showed wrongly convictions of three youths who confessed to the murder of Maxwell Confait. His report highlighted that two of the youth were vulnerable suspects and that there were tendencies for the confessions to be achieved by violence, hectoring or bullying. There was no evidence to show that the replies of these suspects were said freely and accurately recorded. Fisher recommended that a Royal commission examine the law and procedure relating to the prosecution of offenders and thus creating a better framework regulating custodial questioning of suspects by the police. The Royal commission on criminal procedure commissioned a series of research studies including one that examined the police role in the investigation of offences (Adler and Gray, 2010). The Royal Commission on Criminal Procedure believed it was essential that the public have confidence in the method of investigation by the police in order to enhance co-operation. In 1975 the Guildford Four were jailed for life for bombing pubs in Guildford. The case was abolished after the four men had spent 15 years in jail. The case against them was found to be flawed and the credibility of the notes of interview was undermined as being not written up immediately. In 1974, The Birmingham Six were also convicted IRA bombers accused of killing 21 people and injuring more than 160. They spent 16 years in jail before being released in 1991 after the forensic evidence which had formed much of the basis for the case was found to be questionable. Further the Maguire Seven (1976) including six members of the same family were imprisoned for handling explosives. The scientific evidence which formed the basis of the case was later discredited and the case overturned in 1991(Green, 2009). All these miscarriages of justice emphasized the flaws in the criminal justice system. This brought about the introduction of Police and Criminal Evidence Act (PACE), 1984. The act pr ovided a Code of Practice which covered various areas such as detention, treatment and questioning by police and tape recording of interviews. The code of practice gave detainees the right to notify someone of their arrest, access to a free legal advice, no change to the rights to remain silent. It also emphasized the improvement in the area of note taking and tape recording, the presence of an appropriate adult when a vulnerable suspect is interviewed, the treatment of the suspect in custody and regulations on which the interview would be based on. It set out the right balance between the power of the police and the freedom and rights of the public. The secrecy of police stations was challenged: officers became used to seeing solicitors, social workers, family members and researchers in custody areas (Dixon, 2010).The purpose was to introduce the use of tape recording during interviews and eradicate the use of violence and verballing to get a confession. However, adequate training was lacked in the use of tape recording by police officers therefore creating grounds for them to continue interviewing without tape recorders hence interrogation took place in an environment which increases the vulnerability of the suspects and maximizes the authority and control of the police (Green, 2009). The court became aware of officers lack of compliance to PACE and increased pressure in order to ensure compliance by making the investigators listen and review their performance. The use of such inappropriate tactics, however, was found to decrease after the introduction of PACE (Irving and Mckenzie, 1989). However, police interviewing was still poor even after the PACE was introduced and this was due to inadequate training in interviewing. Police officers have the mentality that interviewing skills cannot be acquired in class but in practice and therefore tend to act like their mentors who hardly portray the correct skills. Police officers training was more on taking reports rather than gathering information. In the case of Cardiff 3, who were alleged with the murder of Lynette White in 1988 spent four years in prison before it was admitted that they were victims of miscarriage of justice. Although the police officers used tape recording and a solicitor was present during the interview it was observed that the approach taken by the officer was one of hostility and intimidation to the suspect. The development of DNA science and pressure placed by Satish Sekar helped to identify the actual murderer and proved their innocence. In the case of Thomas Henron who was on trial for the murder of a young girl, this was not a miscarriage of justice but rather a failure in investigative approach. The investigation was based on pressurizing the suspect, offering of unreasonable incentive and falsification of the witness evidence. These provided a background of distrust of police and shaken confidence in beliefs about the matchless superiority of English justice (Dixon, 2010). These cases emphasized th e need for improvements in the interrogation of suspects and the Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO) published the first national training for interviewing known as the PEACE approach to investigative interviewing which was introduced in 1992 which was aimed at ensuring that investigators developed adequate skills in order to conduct interview with integrity and ensure interviews conducted are in line with the law. Following a series of miscarriages of justice in the UK where police interviewing methods were severely criticized an ethics-based approach to interviewing was devised that aimed to minimize the risks of unreliable evidence and negative reactions from witnesses (Robert, 2010). An investigative interview is a structured conversation with a party to a crime with the aim of recording that persons account of events (Green, 2009). Investigative interviewing was developed by a group of psychologists and police practitioners (Dixon, 2010). The role of investigative interview is to approach interviews with an open mind and fairness (even if questioning has to be persistent) in order to obtain accurate and reliable information from suspects, witnesses and victims with the aim of discovering the truth and testing the information received against what the officer already knows or has reasonably established and also bearing in mind that vulnerable people, whether victims, witnesses or suspects m ust be treated with particular consideration at all times (National Crime Faculty, 1996, p.18) . PEACE is an acronym for P-Planning and Preparation, E-Engage and Explain, A-Account, C-Closure, and E-Evaluation. PEACE was a five day training organized to improve investigative interviewing. Planning and preparation aids in understanding the essence of the interview and the impact on the investigation. The officer should highlight areas to focus based on points to prove and possible defences. These points should be compared with evidence received. All evidence received in favor of the interviewee should also be highlighted as the investigator has a duty to be open-minded. Adequate knowledge of PACE also helps the officer to be ready prior to the interview. Planning and preparation is essential has it helps the officer prepare and plan for an interview before the commencement hence achieving the aim and objective of the interview. The investigator explains the purpose and expectations of the interview to the suspect thus creating the right atmosphere. During this stage it is essential to create a rapport with the suspect as this makes the suspect comfortable with the investigator. In order to achieve rapport the investigator has to pay adequate attention to the process of social skills cultivates an active listening strategy habit. There are three classes of witnesses, the compliant witness, reluctant witness and the hostile witness. Compliant witnesses are individuals who wish to cooperate fully with the police and are keen to pass information to them. Reluctant witnesses may not wish to interact with the police and may not be forthcoming with information. Hostile witnesses are individuals who may be overtly hostile to the police, may refuse to give information, and may even attempt to disrupt interviews (Robert, 2010). In order to get substantive and quality account an investigator could either use the cognitive interview or the free recall interview but in a situation where the suspect is being difficult the investigator could use conversation management. Free call allows the interviewee to fully articulate their account followed by probing to obtain uncontaminated detail. Conversation management on the other hand is usually with suspects or uncooperative interviewees who require free recall followed by prob ing and challenges where appropriate. Cognitive interview is a full cognitive reinstatement with a compliant interviewee who is willing to cooperate fully (Green, 2009). When closing the interview the investigator ensures that accurate account has been received thereby creating a positive impression to the public and preventing negative emotional reactions such as anger and anxiety. The investigator also has to maintain rapport in order to minimize the witness anxiety and distress and maximizes the disclosure of useful information. Evaluating the quality of the information received performance of the interviewer in terms of self evaluation and identifying other information that would be needed for the interview. Training was organized for all police officers in order to educate them on the PEACE model. The facilitators of the training were majorly inexperienced trainers rather than qualified investigators. The police officers did not embrace the PEACE model at first and this affected the purposed role of the model. Clarke and Milne (2001) conducted a national evaluation of PEACE by examining interviewers investigative skills when conducting interviews with suspects and witnesses. They found a great gap in the interviewing skills of both the trained and untrained officers of the PEACE model. However, improvements were noted in the area of legal requirements, ethical approach and questioning skills rather than the communication aspects of the interview or the structural development of the interviewees account. Instead of the police to focus on the verbal and non- verbal actions of the interviewee and using that as a base for the next question their focus was on statement taking and this therefore caused poor recording of account and interviewing. They also observed poor interviewing skills as officers were using less of cognitive interviewing and less conversation management. This caused officers to be frustrated and allowing them return to the old ways of interviewing. The original PEACE model w as rigid as it assumed that all interviewees would be co-operative with the interviewer and this was not the case in most interviews. Although the PEACE model was generally accepted as it offered an excellent framework for investigative interviews and its principles were sound it was still obvious that a reform was needed (Green, 2009). In the years following the implementation of PEACE certain forces recognized that the one size fits all model was not sufficient to cater for all needs (Griffiths, Milne, 2005). Crimes which were regarded as serious such as murder required a more effective and ethical interview process. Clark and Milne (2001) made 19 recommendations and the focus was on interview guidance, supervision and training. They recommended an interview supervisor policy because they observed that the quality of the interviews where better when supervisors were present. Supervision would enable efficient use of the interview guidance and help assess the skills of the officers thereby indicating areas where improvements are required. These recommendations were taken up by the Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO) and further developed into the ACPO Investigative Interviewing Strategy: A national initiative. They also observed that the officers were bombarded with so much to learn when they had not grasped the earlier stage. A five tiered structure approach was introduced to improve the quality of investigative interviewing for various levels of officers. Tier 1 was meant for Foundation for probationers and it focused on basic investigation highlighting the importance of free recall and conversation management in obtaining account when carrying out an interview. Tier 2 focused on uniform investigators and detectives and enhanced cognitive interview was taught in this stage. Tier 3 was meant for specialists. This tier looks into enhanced cognitive interviews in advanced interviewing of suspects and specialist interviews that is, interviewing of vulnerable witnesses. Tier 4 was meant for interview supervisors who do not necessarily have to have the skills of the specialist but must at least be trained up to Tier 2 as these supervisors duty is to identify areas in which trainings are required, ensure ethical approach is used when conducting an interview and standards are maintained (Green, 2009). Tier 5 focuses on interview advisors, managers, coordinator for specialist interviews whose role is to advise senior investigative officers on essential interviewing strategies for serious and complex crime. Thinking of an investigation in this holistic way has brought great benefit to the overall strategy of a major inquiry some of which are highly complex long term investigations requiring intimate knowledge of detail and consistency (Green, 2009). Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO) and the National Policing Improvement Agency (NPIA) sponsored a program which is aimed at enhancing improvement in the area of professional capability and experience of investigators. This resulted in enhancement in the role of supervisors and interview advisors to ensuring officers conduct investigative interviewing at a professional level. It is clear, therefore that poor investigative interviewing would lead to several cases of miscarriages of justice. The fact that most officers views on interviews where based on aggression and uncertainty rather than acceptance and enthusiasm caused a lot of problems in the legal system. Focusing on getting a confession in order to speedily apprehend an offender rather than obtaining accurate and reliable account from the suspects, victims or witnesses in order to achieve good quality information during an investigative process could be damaging in the sense that suspects, victims and witnesses especially vulnerable suspects would be prone to be apprehended for offenses which they did not commit. In order to minimize miscarriages of justice good questioning skills must be developed by investigators to attain an accurate and reliable account. Improvement in technology and Forensic evidence has helped in reducing cases of miscarriages of justice. For example the use of DNA which could help in determining the actual suspect, CCTV which shows a recording of what happened at a particular venue at a certain time and also the use of lie detectors which could be used to determine if the suspect is lying. Investigators should also tend to be sensitive when interviewing a vulnerable suspect, victims and witnesses as this would go a long way in preventing future miscarriages of justice. Above all, investigative interview as improved over the years through the introduction of different Acts such as The Royal Commission on Criminal Procedure (1978-1981) which brought about wide ranging protections for suspects. Police and Criminal Evidence Act (PACE) focused on the use of tape recorders when interviewing a suspect with the aim of reducing the violence and verballing of suspects. The PEACE approach brought about preparing and planning an interview before commencement, engage and explain to the witness or suspect or victims the aim of the interview, expectations and the proc edure in which the interview would be carried out, the process of account retrieval, maintaining rapport and preventing negative reactions from suspect while bringing the interview to a close and evaluating the product of the interview. Trainings were also organized for investigator in order to enhance questioning skill by using enhanced cognitive interviews, conversation management techniques. Interviewing supervisory policy was also introduced to aid increase in the quality of the information received during the interviews and identifies areas where improvements are required. This study has shown that investigative interviewing is of paramount importance in the legal system and in order to achieve these investigators must constantly improve in their interviewing skills. Improvements in investigative interviewing to be effective and ethical has helped to reduce the cases of miscarriages of justice

How to be a good son or daughter Essay

In Vietnam, children are considered God’s gifts. A mother gives birth, but children’s characters come from God. Also their personalities are influenced by the society around them. That fact is why some nice parents don’t have good children, or some people are good sons or daughters even though their parents are bad. A good son or daughter should have certain qualities. Being hard working, sympathetic, and respectful of parents are the most important qualities of a good son or daughter. First of all, a good son or daughter should be a hard working person. A good child usually makes parents happy, and parents are happy when their children do what they are supposed to do. For example, if a child is a student, she is supposed to study hard. If she studies hard, whether she gets good grade or not, her parents are pleased with her. In addition, in Vietnam we value children as good sons or daughters when they do not make their parents worry about them. For instance, a boy after graduation from a university got a job and worked hard. Although he did not get a good—paying job, he earned enough to take care of himself. That boy is a good son because he is self—reliant and his parents don’t have to worry about him. Being hard working has remained the same over time in my culture. Additionally, to be sympathetic is one of the most important qualities of a good child. Parents who have to work hard to feed their children are usually tired after a long day. As a result, they sometimes get angry easily and may overreact with their children very small mistakes. If their children were sympathetic, they would understand and would not hate or think that parents don’t love them. Moreover, if sons or daughters understand their parents’ frustration, they know that they should help their parents do what they can do. For instance, elementary school students can clean up their room by themselves, and older children can help their parents wash dishes after dinners. In Vietnam a middle school girl even takes care of her sisters and brothers, or makes lunch when her parents are busy at work. Furthermore, much understanding older children can listen to their parents and can share their stories. Adults who are stressful need someone who can listen to them. That kind of behavior becomes more and more common in Vietnam. These days, conversations between parents and children are not only for parents to understand their children but also for children to understand their parents. The final and also the most important quality of a good child is to be respectful of his or her parents. This is the most valuable quality in Vietnam. If you respect your parents, you love them and obey them. Children who are respectful of their parents understand that they have responsibilities to take care of parents when they get sick or get older. Also they have responsibilities to please their parents or make them happy. In order to do that, Children will try to work hard and to understand their parents. As you can see, this final quality is the most important quality, and it also concludes two others qualities. To sum up, a child needs three important qualities to be a good son or daughter: hard working, sympathetic, and respectful of parents. Because people on Vietnam value relationships with family members, you must be a good child to be a good human being. Consequently, these qualities are also the most important qualities of a good human being.